Monday, 28 September 2020

All-Wheel Drive (AWD) Vehicle Market: Top Trends to Look for in 2020-2030

According to the report, the global all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle market is projected to surpass US$ 679.8 Bn by 2030, expanding at a CAGR of 5% during the forecast period. Increase in global warming across the globe is prompting most vehicle manufacturers to develop efficient vehicle technologies for their vehicles, which in turn is anticipated to boost the all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle market across the globe.

Technological progression and development of several advanced combustion modes, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), is anticipated to boost the automotive sector, owing to a rise in the demand for high efficiency and low carbon emission. Moreover, advancements in terms of electric vehicle technology are expected to boost the production of electric vehicles (EVs) across the globe, owing to the high demand for vehicles during the forecast period. This, in turn, is projected to propel the all-wheel drive vehicle market, globally.

Expansion of All-Wheel Drive (AWD) Vehicle Market

The surge in demand for high performance vehicles across the globe is projected to boost the all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle market during the forecast period. China witnessed a rise in the production of both IC-engine and electric propulsion enabled vehicles. North America recorded high penetration of utility vehicles in 2018, which continued in 2019, leading the region to account for a significant share of the global all-wheel drive market in 2019. 

Request Sample For More Information@ 

https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=77734

Based on vehicle type, the global all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle market has been segmented into passenger vehicle and commercial vehicle. Passenger vehicle is likely to be highly lucrative segment during the forecast period. This is primarily due to the rise in the production of electric passenger vehicles across the globe. Rising adoption of electric vehicles in major developing countries including the U.S., China, Germany, and Japan is expected to propel the all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle market across the globe.

In terms of technology, the all-wheel drive system (AWD) segment dominated the market. Increase in demand for high performance, fuel-efficient vehicles due to enactment of emission regulation is fueling the demand for AWD vehicles.

Regional Analysis of All-Wheel Drive (AWD) Vehicle Market

In terms of region, the global all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle market has been segregated into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and Latin America. North America dominated the global all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle market in 2019. It is anticipated to hold a leading share during the forecast period due to a rise in production and sale of vehicles in the U.S. and Canada. Increased demand for electric vehicles across North America is anticipated to boost the all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle market in the region.

Read Latest Industry Press Release@ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sparkling-growth-opportunities-await-for-food-processing-equipment-market-through-launch-of-innovative-and-efficient-equipment-5-cagr-across-the-forecast-period-of-2019-2027-projects-transparency-market-research-301086708.html

A few of the prominent players operating in the global all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle market include AB Volvo, American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc., BorgWarner Inc., Continental AG, Dana Incorporated, GKN Plc., Honda Motor Company Ltd., JTEKT Corporation, Magna International Inc., Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Tesla, Inc., Valeo SA, and ZF Friedrichshafen AG.

Automotive Wheel Market: Deep Company Profiling of Leading Players 2020-2030

According to the report, the global automotive wheel market is projected to surpass US$ 43.7 Bn by 2030, expanding at a CAGR of ~4% during the forecast period. Rise in demand for vehicles across the globe is likely to boost the automotive wheel market across the globe. Moreover, increase in preference for utility vehicles and luxury vehicles in conjunction with rise in the demand for comfort and luxury vehicles among consumers globally, is anticipated to propel the automotive wheel market.

Automotive Wheel Market: Introduction

According to the report, the global automotive wheel market is projected to surpass US$ 43.7 Bn by 2030, expanding at a CAGR of ~4% during the forecast period. Rise in demand for vehicles across the globe is likely to boost the automotive wheel market across the globe. Moreover, increase in preference for utility vehicles and luxury vehicles in conjunction with rise in the demand for comfort and luxury vehicles among consumers globally, is anticipated to propel the automotive wheel market.

The global automotive wheel market is anticipated to expand during the forecast period, owing to an increase in average size of wheels. The standard size of wheel rims, which was earlier 15’’-16’’, is moving to 17’’ and above. Preference for larger wheels is rising among consumers. Sales of vehicles with high ground clearance, such as SUVs, are rising, which in turn utilize large alloy wheels. For instance, after a global slowdown in the automobile industry, several governments have reduced taxes on automobiles to encourage sale of vehicles. This is likely to propel the automotive wheel market across the globe.

Request Sample For More Information@ 

https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=47883

Expansion of Automotive Wheel Market

The change in trade policies by the Trump Administration, such as withdrawal of trade agreement with South Korea and continuous fluctuation on tariff with import and export to China, is likely to affect the market during the forecast period. However, the U.S.-China trade has witnessed a positive turnaround and the relation between the countries is anticipated to get better. Surge in trade volume, owing to rising bilateral trade among countries is projected to boost the automotive wheel market during the forecast period. China witnessed an increase in both general trade volume and proportion, escalating to Yuan 15.66 Trn. China trade volume accounted for 56.4% of total foreign trade. Major trading partners of China are the U.S., the European Union, and ASEAN. Exports of China to the U.S. further rose by 15.2% year-on-year.

Based on vehicle type, the global automotive wheel market has been segmented into passenger vehicle and commercial vehicle. Passenger vehicle is likely to be a highly lucrative segment during the forecast period. This is primarily due to rise in the production of passenger vehicles across the globe. The expansion of the ride-hailing industry across the globe, where passenger vehicles are widely used for transportation, is expected to propel the automotive wheel market across the globe. In terms of material, the alloy wheel segment dominated the market, owing to a rise in the demand for lightweight materials in the vehicle to enhance vehicle fuel efficiency. This, in turn, is anticipated to boost the automotive wheel market across the globe. Moreover, major vehicle manufacturers are emphasizing on investment for the innovation in material composition, which is likely to further fuel the automotive wheel market.

Regional Analysis of Automotive Wheel Market

In terms of region, the global automotive wheel market has been segregated into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and Latin America. Asia Pacific dominated the global automotive wheel market in 2019. It is anticipated to hold a leading share during the forecast period due to rise in production and sale of vehicles in China and countries in ASEAN.

Read Latest Industry Press Release@ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/electric-shavers-market-to-be-worth-us17-7-bn-by-2024-due-to-growing-attention-to-the-personal-grooming-states-tmr-300795707.html

The major presence of automotive component manufacturers across Asia Pacific further boosts the automotive wheel market across the globe. Followed by Asia Pacific, Europe also held a major share of the global automotive wheel market due to the presence of a large number of tier-1 suppliers who have advanced research and development facilities for wheels, which in turn is likely to boost the automotive wheel market across the globe.

Key Players

Prominent players operating in the global automotive wheel market include ARCONIC, BBS Alloy Wheel, BORBET GmbH., CITIC Dicastal Wheel Manufacturing Co., Enkei, Fuel Off Road Wheels, Foshan Nanhai Zhongnan Aluminum Wheel Co., Ltd., MAXION Wheels, MHT Luxury Wheels., RONAL Group, TSW Wheels, WHEELPROS LLC, and Superior Industries International Inc.

Bungee Cords and Accessories Market: Growth Opportunities to Tap into in 2020-2030

Adventure sports have garnered considerable momentum over the years. The extensive use of bungee cords across diverse adventure sports may bring expansive growth opportunities for the bungee cords and accessories market during the assessment period of 2020-2030. In addition, the use of bungee cords for securing objects without the need for tying a knot is also inviting great growth prospects for the bungee cords and accessories market.

On the basis of raw material, the global bungee cords and accessories market can be segmented into natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and others. Based on design type, the bungee cords and accessories market is classified into custom based cords, bungee jumping cords, standard cords, and mil-spec cords. The use of bungee cords and accessories across a variety of applications such as transportation, adventure sports, commercial use, military and defense, and others may serve as prominent growth generators.

This report will offer perfect insights into the global bungee cords and accessories market. The report covers diverse growth parameters such as competitive scenario, geographical perspective, and the recent trends across the bungee cords and accessories market. The report also provides a bird’s eye view on the COVID-19 impact and its effect on the bungee cords and accessories market.

Are you a start-up willing to make it big in business? Grab an exclusive PDF Brochure for this report

Bungee Cords and Accessories Market: Competitive Scenario

The bungee cords and accessories market is hybrid with local and global players competing for the foremost position. Manufacturers in the bungee cords and accessories market try to bring tremendous growth opportunities through research and development activities, novel product launches, and state-of-the-art advertising strategies.

The players in the bungee cords and accessories market also try to develop customized products for catering to a niche end-user. This aspect assists in raising the revenue of the bungee cords and accessories market. Some well-established players in the bungee cords and accessories market are The Original Bungee Company, American Power Cord Corporation, Am Power Cord Corporation, The Better Bungee, and Superior Bungee Corporation.

Bungee Cords and Accessories Market: Emerging Trends

The bungee cords and accessories market may prominently gain good growth due to the rising application in adventure sports, especially bungee jumping. The COVID-19 outbreak has constrained the tourism sector. Hence, the demand for bungee cords and accessories may observe stagnancy for a short period but as the relaxations are being introduced in regards to the lockdown implementations, the tourism sector is also opening up. This aspect may help the bungee cords and accessories market to revive the growth

The growing application of bungee cords across other applications may also bring expansive growth prospects for the bungee cords and accessories market. Short bungee cords are being used for preparing face masks at home. In addition, the use of bungee cords in backpacks is also harnessing growth. For instance, HoverGlide, the world’s first floating backpack implements a pair of tensioned bungee cords that enable smooth sliding movement on the back. Such applications may bring magnifying growth for the bungee cords and accessories market.

Looking for business insights from experts? Request a custom report on the bungee cords and accessories market.

Bungee Cords and Accessories Market: Geographical Perspective

The bungee cords and accessories market is spread across North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific, the Middle East and Africa, and Europe. North America and Europe may record large growth margins for the bungee cords and accessories market through the forecast period of 2020-2030. The overwhelming demand for adventure sports in the region may create stupendous growth prospects for the bungee cords and accessories market.

The magnified presence of bungee cords and accessories manufacturers in countries like Japan and China may serve as important factors for Asia Pacific to emerge as the fastest growth-generating region during the forecast period. India may also prove to be a major growth propeller for Asia Pacific due to extensive demand for bungee cords in the defense.

Christmas Tree Valves Market | Size, Share, COVID – 19 Outbreak and Forecast to 2030

The Christmas tree valves market may observe good growth across the assessment period of 2020-2030 on the back of the rising oil exploration activities around the world. These valves are often used in novel oil and gas wells where the pressure for the natural flow of oil and gas is sufficient. Advancements in automation solutions and remote monitoring are helping the global Christmas tree valves market to gain extra stars of growth.

Christmas tree valves are a structure of valves, spools, gauges, and chokes. These structures or systems look like Christmas trees and hence, they are called Christmas tree valves. They act as a connector between the under-oil well and over-oil well activities. Many times, Christmas tree valves and wellheads are considered the same but the fact is that both are different from each other. Christmas tree valves are available in manual and automatic types. They are used across onshore and offshore applications.

This Christmas tree valves market report provides information to the stakeholder through the R.O.C.K (Regional Prospects. Overview. Competitive Dimensions. Key Trends) mechanism. This mechanism covers all the major prospects that are growth-worthy for the Christmas tree valves market and helps the stakeholder to gain rock-solid insights.+

The information included in this report covers a variety of factors analyzed by an expert team of researchers. The report also offers insights into the COVID-19 impact on the Christmas tree valves market and the prominent threats that the Christmas tree valves market may face between 2020 and 2030.

Looking for Regional Analysis or Competitive Landscape in global baby cloth diapers market, Ask for a customized report

Christmas Tree Valves Market: Competitive Insights

Numerous players bring immense growth prospects for the Christmas tree valves market. The market is a mix of domestic and international players. These players are involved in stiff competition. The players in the Christmas tree valves market are trying to increase their online presence due to the inclining trend of online sales. The players also invest largely in research and development activities to discover mechanisms and processes that assist in improving the quality of the Christmas tree valves.

Furthermore, the players in the Christmas tree valves market also try to keep the prices of the products low to generate additional revenues and cater to a larger consumer base. Collaborations and partnerships with distributors and vendors help manufacturers to expand their influence over the Christmas tree valves market. Some prominent participants in the Christmas tree valves market are Aker Solutions, National Oilwell Varco, Stream-Flo Industries Ltd, and General Electric.

Christmas Tree Valves Market: Key Trends

The growing investments in the crude oil sector and the increasing number of exploration activities are serving as great growth multipliers for the Christmas tree valves market. However, due to the novel coronavirus outbreak, a short lull has been observed in terms of growth. As the coronavirus-induced lockdown restrictions are being relaxed, the Christmas tree valves market is gaining considerable momentum. Even if the Christmas tree valves market may observe a downfall during the first quarter of 2020, chances of growth are ripe in the near future.

The advantages etched to the Christmas tree valves such as prevention of blockages, controlling the injection of gas on a producing or non-producing well, and others may bring expansive growth opportunities for the Christmas tree valves market.

Christmas Tree Valves Market: Regional Prospects

Asia Pacific may generate promising growth for the Christmas tree valves market between 2020 and 2030. The increase in production facilities across various countries in the region and the availability of low-cost Christmas tree valves in China may serve as robust pillars of growth for the Christmas tree valves market.

Are you a start-up willing to make it big in the business? Grab an exclusive PDF Brochure of this report

This study by TMR is all-encompassing framework of the dynamics of the market. It mainly comprises critical assessment of consumers' or customers' journeys, current and emerging avenues, and strategic framework to enable CXOs take effective decisions.

Our key underpinning is the 4-Quadrant Framework EIRS that offers detailed visualization of four elements:

  • Customer Experience Maps
  • Insights and Tools based on data-driven research
  • Actionable Results to meet all the business priorities
  • Strategic Frameworks to boost the growth journey

Flame Retardant Apparel Market Trends and Dynamics, Drivers, Competitive landscape and Future Opportunities

 

  • Flame retardant apparel are personnel protective apparel that are designed and specially manufactured from blended materials which have been chemically treated to provide self-extinguishing properties.
  • End-users are opting for flame retardant apparel while performing activities that expose them to flames, radiant heat, and potential molten substance splash. It provides assurance to the user, protecting them from the hazards of flames, as flame retardant apparel come with a label that specifies protection from the risk of flames and thermal exposure.
  • Flame retardant apparel are found to be an ideal solution for workers to prevent burn injuries in areas with sparks, open flames, and other potential fire hazards, as it resists ignition and helps insulate against heat.
  • Major players across the globe are introducing flame retardant apparel with smart designs and unique blended materials that protect users from the risk of flames. This is likely to drive demand for flame retardant apparel in the coming years.

Increasing Concerns about Worker Safety

  • Rapid growth in the industrial sector is likely to lead to demand for personal protective apparel in order to prevent the risks associated with flames or undue fatalities. Rising awareness among users and the industrial sector about usage of flame retardant apparel while performing industrial tasks is also driving the growth of the flame retardant market. Promotions by government and regulatory bodies about the usage of safety apparel for workers in industries is also influencing the growth of the flame retardant apparel market. In addition, increasing popularity of lightweight, comfortable, tear resistant materials, and multi-functional apparel among users is also promoting the growth of the flame retardant apparel market.

For Right Perspective & Competitive Insights on Flame Retardant Apparel Market, Request for a Sample

Presence of Alternative Solutions: A Key Restraint

  • Rising acceptance of cost-effective alternative solutions such as personal protective equipment and accessories in the industrial sector may act as a barrier for the growth of the flame retardant apparel market. Increase in the cost of raw materials for manufacturing flame retardant apparel is a major factor that influences end-users to opt for alternative solutions and slows down the growth of the flame retardant apparel market. In addition, overall impact of the pandemic situation (COVID-19) across the globe is also likely to hamper the growth of the flame retardant apparel market.

Asia Pacific a Potential Market for Flame Retardant Apparel

  • The global flame retardant apparel market can be divided into five regions: North America (NA), Europe (EU), Asia Pacific (APAC), Middle East & Africa (MEA), and South America (SA)
  • North America country-level analysis features the U.S., Canada, and Rest of North America. Analysis and forecast of the flame retardant apparel market in Europe includes the U.K., Germany, France, and Rest of Europe. Similarly, the market in Asia Pacific comprises India, China, Japan, and Rest of Asia Pacific. Middle East & Africa includes GCC, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa. The flame retardant apparel market in South America has been segmented into Brazil and Rest of South America.
  • Asia Pacific is expected to remain a potential market for flame retardant apparel during the forecast period, owing to a growing industrial sector in the region that opts for flame based or heat treatment while performing operations.

Are you a start-up willing to make it big in the business? Grab an exclusive PDF Brochure of this report

Key Players Operating in the Global Flame Retardant Apparel Market

The global flame retardant apparel market is moderately fragmented in nature, due to presence of a large number of regional and global players. A few of the key players operating in the global flame retardant apparel market are:

  • 3M Co.
  • Ansell Ltd.
  • Carhartt Inc.
  • Cintas Corp.
  • DuPont de Nemours, Inc.
  • Eagle Technical Products Ltd.
  • Honeywell International Inc.
  • Kaneka Corporation

Premium Self-tanning Products Market Opportunities by Types, Demand, Top Manufacturers and Application in Grooming Regions

Transparency Market Research delivers key insights on the global premium self-tanning products market. In terms of revenue, the global premium self-tanning products market is estimated to expand at a CAGR of ~6% during the forecast period, owing to numerous factors regarding which TMR offers thorough insights and forecasts in the global premium self-tanning products market report.

In this market report, TMR predicts that the exponential growth in the spending power of the middle class population across developing countries, popularly trending as Premiumization, is anticipated to have an affirmative impact on the premium self-tanning products market.  Consumers in developing economies such as India, Brazil, and China are becoming more attracted to luxury brands and are willing to pay extra for the superior quality products.

Premiumization of self-tanning products, in term of efficacy and environment friendliness, is anticipated to be a key factor in the upcoming years. Sustainability and awareness regarding the environment is anticipated to have noteworthy influence on the decisions regarding type of materials and active ingredients used to make both the product as well as packaging. The ability of market participants to efficiently meet the expectations of their eco-friendly consumers is likely to drive the premium self-tanning products market in the forthcoming years. 

Request Sample For More Information@ 

https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=78929

In terms of type, the premium self-tanning products market has been segmented into facial self-tanners and body self-tanners. During the forecast period, the market is anticipated to be dominated by the body self-tanning products segment. In the report, based on form, the premium self-tanning products market has been segmented into gel, lotion, spray, oil, cream, and others.

Based on ingredient, the premium self-tanning products market has been bifurcated into natural and organic. The organic segment is anticipated to expand at a significant growth rate during the forecast timeline.

In terms of gender, the premium self-tanning products market has been categorized into male, female, and unisex. The male segment is anticipated to expand at a higher pace. In terms of distribution channel, the premium self-tanning products market has been divided into online and offline. During the forecast period, the online distribution channel of the premium self-tanning products market is anticipated to expand quickly. Asia Pacific has seen a surge in the adoption of e-Commerce among consumers, which, in turn, has increased online retail sales of premium self-tanning products.

Read Latest Industry Press Release@ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/connected-living-room-market-to-reach-us984-51-bn-by-2024--owing-to-technological-advancements---tmr-300816943.html

Premium Self-tanning Products Market: Prominent Regions

Geographically, Europe led the premium self-tanning products market in 2019 and the region is expected to retain its dominance during the forecast period. The U.K. and France are considered the major markets for premium self-tanning products in Europe. In addition, North America and APAC are also projected to offer promising growth opportunity for the premium self-tanning products market. Apart from Asia Pacific, South American provinces also significantly contribute to the overall growth of the global premium self-tanning products market.

Premium Self-tanning Products Market: Key Players

The premium self-tanning products market is highly fragmented with leading players accounting for nearly 35% of the revenue share. Key players operating in the global premium self-tanning products market include Luna Bronze, REBLX, TAN-LUXE, Josie Maran Cosmetics, PZ Cussons Beauty LLP, Tan Towel International Pty Ltd, James Read, Inc., Islestarr Holdings Limited, Dr. Dennis Gross Skincare LLC, and Lancome.

Liquid Dispensing Pump, Air Mist Spray, and Trigger Spray Market Opportunities by Types, Demand, Top Manufacturers and Application in Grooming Regions

Transparency Market Research delivers key insights on the global liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market. In terms of revenue, the global liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market is estimated to expand at a CAGR of ~5% during the forecast period, owing to numerous factors regarding which TMR offers thorough insights and forecasts in the global liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market report.

In this market report, TMR predicts the growing commercial and industrial sector across the globe to have a noteworthy impact on the overall  liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market. The advancement in product design and the introduction of innovative packaging in the commercial and industrial sector is anticipated to propel the sale of liquid dispensing pumps, air mist sprays, and trigger sprays in the Asia Pacific region.

The introduction of liquid dispensing pumps, air mist sprays, and trigger sprays due to rapid industrialization and urbanization is expected to propel the market during the forecast period. Furthermore, the implementation of stringent laws for maintaining standard hygienic practices such as continuous washing of hands, sanitizing areas, and overall cleaning is also influencing users to opt for these products and bridging the gap, which is driving their demand.

Request Sample For More Information@ 

https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=78650

In terms of product type, the liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market has been segmented into liquid dispenser pump, external spring dispenser, lotion pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray. During the forecast period, the market is anticipated to be dominated by the liquid dispensing pump segment. Based on pump dosage, the liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market has been segmented into up to 0.50 ml, 0.50 to 1.50 ml, 1.50 to 2.50 ml, and above 2.50 ml.

Based on locking mechanism, the market is segmented into clip lock, lock down, lock up, twist lock, and others. In terms of spout design, the market is split into flip top spout, long spout, screw spout, and others. In the report, the liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market based on end use is classified into cosmetics & personal care, pharmaceuticals, food & beverage, and cleansing & disinfectant products. Based on distribution channel, the liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market has been bifurcated into online and offline. The offline segment is anticipated to expand at a significant growth rate during the forecast period. Asia Pacific has seen a surge in adoption of e-Commerce among consumers, which in turn has increased online retail sales of liquid dispensing pumps, air mist sprays, and trigger sprays.

Liquid Dispensing Pump, Air Mist Spray, and Trigger Spray Market: Prominent Regions

Asia Pacific led the liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market in 2019 and the region is expected to retain its dominance during the forecast period. China and India are considered the major markets for liquid dispensing pumps, air mist sprays, and trigger sprays in the Asia Pacific region. Apart from Asia Pacific, African provinces also significantly contribute to the growth of the global liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market.

Read Latest Industry Press Release@ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/electric-shavers-market-to-be-worth-us17-7-bn-by-2024-due-to-growing-attention-to-the-personal-grooming-states-tmr-300795707.html

Liquid Dispensing Pump, Air Mist Spray, and Trigger Spray Market: Key Players

The competition landscape of the liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market is highly fragmented with leading players accounting for nearly 15% of the revenue share. Key players operating in the global liquid dispensing pump, air mist spray, and trigger spray market include TriMas Corporation, Guala Group, Knida Company Limited, Yuyao Shunlong Sprayer & Tech. Co., Ltd., and Taixing K.K. Plastic Co., Ltd.

Collagen Market-By Source (Pig, Poultry, Cow, and Marine), By Product (Natural, Hydrolyzed and Gelatin), By Application (Cosmetics, Healthcare, Food and Beverage), and By Region-Forecast 2022-2031

SDKI Inc. published a new report on the collagen market on January 25, 2022.  This study includes the statistical and analytical approaches ...