Plain bearings
are the simplest in their category and are also referred to as solid
bearings or bushings. It involves only a bearing surface and no rolling
components. A part of the shaft which is in contact with the bearing,
called as a journal, moves over the surface of the bearing. They come at
very low costs, as compared to other bearings and are compact having
good load bearing capacity. Based on the design, there are different
types of plain bearings namely, linear bearing, journal bearing, angular
contact plain bearings and thrust bearing.
Plain bearings are used in various
industries such as aerospace, automotive, energy, construction, oilfield
machinery, gardening equipment and agricultural equipment. Depending
upon the work and usability of bearings, the plain bearings can come
with external lubrication or even zero lubrication in cases which need
dry bearings. Either they are soaked with lubricants or they are
available with lubricant plugs inserted within. It is important to
select the right type of plain bearings based on the work to be carried
out which requires technical know-how of the requirements along with
experience in bearings. The material used for plain bearings is durable
and low wear. Various material such as bronze, Babbitt, cast iron,
Bi-material, plastic, graphite, etc., are used in plain bearings.
The plain bearings are a good replacement
for rolling component bearings considering their usability. They are
simpler in design and have low maintenance involved. They provide
compact structure with better load carrying capacities. Another reason
for carrying high loads is the larger area of contact. This also helps
in resisting shocks and endure misalignment. They save more space, if
properly placed, and can damp the vibrations with convenience, even
better than rolling component bearings. They are more durable and have
longer life, which makes them the ideal affordable choice for designers.
The designers in the automotive industry have started replacing the
roller bearings with plain bearings owing to their subtle advantages,
both in terms of cost as well as usability.
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Since they are a one-piece structure,
there no complications involved which again reduces their maintenance.
The advancements in technology and heavy research have made it possible
to fruition different advancements in plain bearings making them even
more important and useful, for example, self-lubricating plain bearings
that need no external lubrication, spherical plain bearings which are
maintenance free and composite plain bearings. Also, smart bearings and
bearings with compressed air cushioning are in process. Plain bearings
have increasing acceptance in various industries, not only automotive,
but also, in aerospace, construction, energy and other machinery
equipment. All these aspects facilitate good growth for the plain
bearings market.
